European Animals The Major Part They Took In Forever Altering the Ecology of the Americas :: essays papers

European Animals The Major Part They Took In Forever Altering the Ecology of the Americas Although the Europeans presence in the Americas from 1492 to many years later caused drastic change in the environment, their part in forever altering the entire American ecosystem was minor when compared to the part of the true criminals: the European animals. The introduction of these European animals into the New World had the most destructive effects on the new environment and everlastingly altered the ecology of the Americas. During the time that pre-dated the arrival of the Europeans, the Americas remained basically untouched and prevailed as virgin land. The land was populated with not just American Indians, but also populated by vast numbers of plants and animals. These inhabitants "lived, died, and bred alone for generation after generation, developing unique cultures and working out tolerances," that is up until 1492, when Columbus and the European conquerors invaded the harmonious land and instantaneously initiated the many long years of corruption. The arrival of the Europeans immediately brought drastic changes to the way things were previously done in the Americas; they "immediately set about to transform as much of the new world as possible into the old world." Because they were people who practiced mixed farming with a heavy emphasis on herding and because they saw only very few domesticated animals in the new land, the Europeans began the action of importing Old World domesticated animals, such as the pig, cow, and horse. This action could most definitely be described as "the greatest biological revolution in the Americas since the end of the Pleistocene era." The Europeans had no idea as to what they unleashed upon the New World when they introduced their domesticated animals. Many of these animals flourished in the new environment beyond the wildest hopes of their European masters. The animals and their diseases "moved through the virgin lands of America faster than did the people who had brought them to the New World." By surpassing their masters, the animals became unstoppable, and their destruction was unfortunately boundless. Pigs, for example, existed as one among the many animal groups that played such a significant role in the changes that wrought the ecology of the New World. Out of all of the imported animals, the pigs adapted quickest to the new environment.

We Are Marshall Movie

Have y’all ever wondered how a college football team could change after their team lost friends and family in a plane crash? The movie â€Å"We Are Marshall† claims to be a true story and is about the 1970 ­1971 Marshall University football team suffering a plane crash on the way back from a road game. I think â€Å"We Are Marshall† should be considered nonfiction because a lot of the events that happened in the movie actually happened in real life.The Marshall University football team was in a plane crash on November 14, 1970  (Anderson). Also the board meeting that was held in the movie to decide whether they should continue the football program did not actually happen. The crowd of Marshall University students, faculty, and fans outside of the building where the meeting was held did not exist (Johnston). The chant â€Å"We Are†¦Marshall† actually didn’t begin until after the 1971 season but the producers felt like it was a good fit for t he movie (Gensler). One of the minor changes in the movie was the last play of the Xavier game. The movie showed the last play of the game was a crossing route for the 15 yard touchdown when in reality it was a screen pass (Gensler). The only event that was the same in that game was Marshall won 15 ­13. The coaching staff had some dramatizations in the movie.

CONSTRUCTION OF MANDATORY PROVISIONS - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2330 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Tags: Duty Essay Did you like this example? Interpretation of Statutes CONSTRUCTION OF MANDATORY PROVISIONS I. INTRODUCTION There is no universal rule regarding the construction of statutes. It is the duty of the judiciary to try and determine the real intention of the legislature by prudently taking into consideration the entire scope of the statute to be interpreted.[1] The study of various cases on this topic does not provide a universal rule except that the language itself should not be decisive as the context, subject-matter and the statutory provision must also be taken into consideration while determining whether the said statutory provision is directory or mandatory in nature.[2] According to the words of the Supreme Court, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The question as to whether a statute is mandatory or directory depends upon the intent of the legislature and not upon the language in which the intent is clothed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "CONSTRUCTION OF MANDATORY PROVISIONS" essay for you Create order The meaning and intention of the legislature must govern, and these are to be ascertained not only from the phraseology of the provision, but also by considering its nature, its design, and the consequences which would follow from construing it the one way or the other.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [3] Mandatory rules are vital and go to the root of the matter, they cannot be broken; while others are only directory and a breach of them can be overlooked provided there is substantial compliance. The general rule is that an absolute enactment must be obeyed or fulfilled substantially.[4] II. DEFINITION A mandatory statute or statutory provision is one which must be obeyed so as to make the proceeding to which it relates valid.[5] According to Crawford,[6] a mandatory statute is defined as one whose provisions, if not obeyed to, will result in the proceedings to which it relates to becoming void and illegal. Therefore when statutes prescribe certain conditions for the conduct of any professio n or business, and if similar conditions are not followed, agreements entered into in the course of such profession or business become invalid, if it the aim of imposing such conditions is the preservation of public safety and order.[7] Some examples of mandatory statutes: 1. The provisions concerning limitation for seeking redressal in Tribunals or Courts; 2. The provisions concerning principles of natural justice; 3. The provisions concerning registration of certain documents; If negative words have been used then it shows the clear intention that the provision legislated is mandatory- Section 80 CPC. Section 87 B, CPC. Section 77 of Railways Act, 1890, Section 213 of the Succession Act, 1925, Section 7 of the Stamp Act, 1899. Section 20 (1) of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, Affirmative words is secondary to negative words for interpreting the provision as mandatory. When there is no discretion needs to be applied in enforcing the provision, it is usually treated as mandatory. III. TESTS FOR DETERMINING WHETHER A PROVISION IS DIRECTORY OR MANDATORY No universal rule can be formulated as to when may a statutory provision be considered as mandatory or when merely directory. Each case must be adjudged in the light of the intention of the law makers as revealed by the scope, object and purpose of the statute. In State of U.P. V. Manbodhan Lal Srivstava,[8] it was held by the court that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The State Public Commission shall be consulted on all disciplinary matters affecting a person serving the government of a state in a civil capacityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It was further held that the relevant provision cannot be interpreted as mandatory and that it did not impose any right or obligation on a public servant, so that, the lack of discussion or irregularity in it did not give him any right to raise a cause of action. Whether an enactment is mandatory or directory depends on the scope and the object of the statute. In Jyoti PrasadMitter v. The Chie f Justice,[9] the interpretation of Article 217(3) of the constitution was in question. The provision says: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"If any question arises as to the age of a judge of a High Court, the question shall be decided by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the decision of the President shall be finalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. It was held by the Supreme Court that consultation with Chief Justice of the India was a mandatory requirement. One of the important tests that must always be employed in order to determine whether a provision is mandatory of directory in character is to consider whether the non-compliance of a particular provision causes inconvenience or injustice and, if does, then the court would say that provision must be complied with and that it is obligatory in its character. Mandatory provision of a statute cannot be ignored merely on the ground of hardship or as merely procedural. If a provision is clearly of mandatory nature it should not be interpreted as directory. If an object of the enactment is defeated by holding the same directory, it should be construed as mandatory whereas if by holding it mandatory serious general inconvenience will be created to innocent persons of general public without much furthering the object of enactment, the same should be construed as directory. If the legislative intent is expressed clearly and strongly, such as the use of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mustà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ instead of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ that it will be sufficient to hold the provision to be mandatory, and it will not be necessary to pursue the inquiry further. IV. LEGISLATIVE INTENT Whether a statute is mandatory or directory rests on the intention of the law makers and not upon the language in which the intent is dressed.[10] In order to determine the question as to whether a statutory provision is mandatory or directory, the primary objective is to determine the legislative intent from a study and co nsideration of the entire statute, its object, its nature and the imports that would result from interpreting it one way or the other, or in conjunction with other similar statutes, and the ascertainment does not depend on the form of the statute.[11] In Hari Vishnu Kamath v Ahmed Ishaque,[12] the Supreme Court observed that the numerous rules for ascertaining when a provision might be interpreted as mandatory and when directory are only helpful in determining the real intention of the law makers and that must eventually depend upon the context. When a statute necessitates that something shall be conducted or conducted in a specified method of form without clearly stating what shall be the magnitude of non-compliance, the question often arises what meaning is to be ascribed by implication to the legislature. It has been observed that no universal rule can be created for determining whether the necessity is to be viewed as an instruction or a mere direction containing no partic ular significance for its contempt, or as authoritative with an applied nullification for non-compliance, outside the rule that it depends on the object and scope of the enactment.[13] V. WHEN CONSEQUENCES PROVIDED BY STATUTE When on failure to comply with a prescribed requirement nullification as a consequence is provided by the statute itself, there is no doubt that such statutory requirement must be interpreted as mandatory. For example: The period prescribed in the schedule to the Indian Limitation Act 1963, for bringing a legal proceeding are mandatory because the consequences of the expiry of the period of limitation is provided by S. 4 of the Act in that the court is enjoined to dismiss a legal proceeding instituted after expiry of the prescribed period. Sec. 17 of the Registration Act 1908 and provisions of Transfer of Property Act 1882 prescribe certain requirements as to registration of certain documents. These requirements are mandatory as the consequence of non- registration is provided by s. 49 of the Registration Act in that such documents if not registered do not affect the property comprised therein. In some cases the consequence provided for breach of a mandatory duty may itself require construction in the light of other provisions of the Act.[14] Thus Section 64 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act, 1984 prohibiting use of a sample, which should have been destroyed, as evidence or for investigation was construed not to affect admissibility of other evidence in court collected in an investigation which was prohibited provided it did not affect fairness of the trial under section 78 of the same Act.[15] When the statute does not expressly provide for nullification as a consequence of the non-compliance of the statutory injunction but imposes expressly some other penalty, it is a question of construction in each given case whether the legislature intended to lay down an absolute prohibition or merely to make the offending person liable for the penalty. VI. MANDATORY AND PERMISSIVE WORDS When à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mustà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ instead of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is used by the legislature then the provision can be interpreted as strongly imperative. In some cases the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mustà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ may be replaced for the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, but only for the objective of giving effect to the clear intention of the legislature. Generally, however, the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ must be taken in its natural meaning, that is permissive sense and not in an obligatory sense. Mandatory words may be interpreted as directory in matters of procedure. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Mayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are normally used in contradiction to each other and generally should be accorded their natural meaning particularly when they appear in the same provision. But in phrases like, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"it shall be lawful for the courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shall be liable to pay costsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"to interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shall be liable to be forfeitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, the meaning is not mandatory.[16] A. Shall The use of the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in a statute, though generally taken in a mandatory sense, does not necessarily mean that in every case it shall have that effect, that is to say, that unless the words of the statute are punctiliously followed, the proceeding or the outcome of the proceeding would be invalid. Where statute imposes a public duty and lays down the manner in which and the time within which the duty shall be performed, injustice or inconvenience resulting from rigid adherence to the statutory prescription may be a relevant factor in holding such prescriptions only directory. Ex: While construing sec. 17(1) of the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947, that it is obligatory on the government to publish an award, but the provision, that it should be published within thirty days, is not mandatory and an award published beyond thirty days is not invalid. B. May While construing the word May court has to consider following aspects; Object and the scheme of the Act, The context and the background against which the words have been used, The purpose and the advantages sought to be achieved by the use of this word. VII. OTHER RELEVANT FACTORS DETERMINING THE NATURE OF A STATUTE Where a statute generates a new privilege, right or immunity and controls the manner of its application, it must be interpreted as mandatory.[17] For example, the rights to hold an election, contest an election, and to be elected as a member of a municipal committee, are all rights created by the Madhya Bharat Municipal Act 1954 and the rules made thereunder. It follows consequently that the provisions of the Act created thereunder concerning the composition of the municipal committee must be firmly obeyed and the right to contest an election and to register for nomination can be applied only in the way and within the time given by the Act and the rules. One of the factors for determining the nature of a provision is to see whether it entails any penal consequences. In cases where the non-compliance of a provision is made penal, the provision can be safely regarded as mandatory.[18] In Banarasi Das v Cane Commr, Uttar Pradesh,[19] the Court said that the provision in Section 18(2) of the Uttar Pradesh Sugar Control Factories Act of 1938 is mandatory in nature as the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has been used and provides for a penalty for intentionally failing to enter into an agreement as provided by S. 27(3) of the Act. Rule 47(1)(c) of the Representation of the People (Conduct of Elections and Election Petitions) Rules 1951 states that a ballot paper will have to be declared as invalid if it is found false or if it so spoiled or disfigured that its identity as a genuine ballot paper cannot be determined. No degree of compliance can be afforded so far as rejection is the issue, and that is decisive to show that the provision is mandatory.[20] In order to ascertain whether a specific provision is obligatory or directory, it is essential to determine whether the error to obey the requirement influences the very groundwork of authority for the proceedings so that it makes i t void and not capable of being validated. VIII. CONCLUSION The law on this subject can be summarised to the consequence that in order to proclaim a provision mandatory, the test to be exercised is whether disobedience of the provision would render entire proceedings null and void. Whether the provision is mandatory or directory, depends upon the intention of law makers not upon the language in which the intent is clad. The issue is to be scrutinised having a look at the object, subject matter and context of the statutory provisions in question. The Court may discover as what would be the significance which would run from interpreting it in one way or the other and as to whether the provision delivers a contingency of the disobedience of the provisions and as to whether the disobedience is corrected by minor penalty or grave consequence would flow therefrom and as to whether a specific construction would overthrow or frustrate the law and if the provision is obligatory, the ac t committed in breach thereof will be considered illegal. BIBLIOGRAPHY Page | 1 [1] Liverpool Borough Bank v Turner (1860)30 LJ Ch 379 [2] GP Singh, 389 [3] Passage from CRWAFORD: Statutory Construction, P.516; approved in State of UP v Baburam, Upadhya, AIR 1957 SC 912, p. 918 : 1958 SCR 533. [4] Woodward v Sarsons (1875)LR 10 CP 733. [5] Kavanaugh v. Flash, 74 Fed. (2435). [6] Crawford, Statutory Construction, 3rd edn, vol III, p 104. [7] Rao Dhanda, p 988 [8] AIR 1957 SC Art. 320(3) [9] AIR 1965 SC [10] Laxmi Narain v UOI AIR 1976 SC 714 [11] Rao Dhanda, p 989 [12] AIR 1955 SC 233 [13] Rao Dhanda, p 991 [14] GP Singh 402 [15] GP Singh 402 [16] Vepa Sarathi 582 [17] Dhanda, 1005 [18] AIR 1955 All 86, p 91. [19] AIR 1963 SC 1417 [20] Dhanda, 1007

Social Bond And Social Learning Theory - 1570 Words

Trying to understand why crime happens if a very important concept. Throughout history, criminologist have debated on which theory of crime is most accurate. Currently, social bond and social learning theory are two of the leading theories in the criminological world. Between these two theories there are a variety of differences and similarities. In addition to these theories Gottfredson and Hirschi have published a book where they use the concept of self control to describe crime. Analyzing these three theories can be important to understanding the current criminological world. Social bond theory shows an interesting way to look at the social problems, such as crime, that surround the world we live in. The theory primarily focuses on the peers and peer groups of individuals. The four basic elements that the theory focus on are attachment, commitment, involvement in activities including both criminal and noncriminal, and also the the common values that are giving to an individuals groups and subgroups. The element of attachment can be described as the values or the norms that someone has in their society. Attachment is most important with the figures that have a strong influence over a person s life such as parental figures. Friends at school can also be important people related to attachment. Commitment is different than attachment in that it focuses on how much a person is committed to abiding by legal behavior. As a child we are hopefully taught was is the right thingShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Ecstasy Use : A Test Of Social Bonds And Social Learning Theo ry Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagescritique and review in this paper is called â€Å"Adolescent Ecstasy Use: A Test of Social Bonds and Social Learning Theory† and it was published by an associate professor, Jason A. Ford, and a professor, Laurent B. Ford in the department of sociology in University of Central Florida in 2014. It is a research paper that focuses of the relationship between two social theories, social control theory and social learning theory, and ecstasy usage among adolescents. The theoretical perspective that this studyRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Cause Juvenile Delinquency1156 Words   |  5 PagesChild Abuse and Neglect cause Juvenile Delinquency Strain theory describes the idea that there are certain events and conditions in an individual’s life that are disliked and involve the inability to achieve goals, loss of positively valued stimuli, and presentation of negative stimuli (Brezina and Agnew). Child neglect and abuse can be described by this theory, and often is, because of its elements and the effect it has on children. Before the idea of child abuse and neglect causing juvenile delinquencyRead MoreThe Children Of Prison Inmates Ending Up Within A Penitentiary Prison1612 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing over all of the social factors that go on through the family as well as the community and how much of an emotional toll is actually put fourth on to the children of these inmates. 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Because I have an older brother, and I was around him a lot, I learned many of my behaviors from just watchingRead MoreRobert Sears, A Renowned American Psychologist1459 Words   |  6 Pagescontinued with his professional writing whenever his health permitted. Robert Sears died in his home in Menlo Park, New York on May 22nd, 1989. (Hilgard) Robert Sears took a social approach to learning. He was heavily influenced by Clark Hull, one of his professors at Yale University who worked on basic building blocks of learning by using stimulus-response links. Hull hypothesized variables that intervene between the stimulus and the response and how that affects behavior. Sears took these variablesRead MoreSocial Control Theory And Social Learning Theory2007 Words   |  9 Pagesor bad, but we really don’t know why we make those choices. There is a point in life when you choose to be deviant. Social control theory and social learning theory suggest what makes us do the deviant behavior and what makes it different from one person to another. They both have to do with the world around us, but have different views on how you portray yourself from that. Social control is how you interact with society, and it suggest that if you are close to society you will have good behaviorRead MoreIb Psychology Sociocultural Notes3875 Words   |  16 Pagesgroup members may vary widely from one another. †¢ Characteristics: †¢ social-cognitive theories: †¢ our social world is very complex and presents us with too much information †¢ since our capacity to process information is limited, there is a need to simplify our social way †¢ one of the way to avoid information overload is social categorization †¢ these are stereotypes †¢ Stereotypes simplify information processing in social perception †¢ stereotypes are schemas as they: are energy-saving devices

The Qin Dynasty And The Han Dynasty - 1652 Words

Two influential and focal points in ancient Chinese history, the Qin and Han dynasties together spanned from the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century CE, both of which utilised comparable philosophies in order to establish control and continuity in a centralised empire. With the Qin dynasty adopting Legalism and the Han dynasty using a combination of Confucianism and Legalism, the two dynasties’ bureaucratic governing systems, while similar in nature, achieved varying levels of success. [Change Slide] Through extensive research, I have come to the conclusion, and propose the idea, that the Qin dynasty, was to a large extent, superior to the Han dynasty in terms of its use of philosophy. This can be seen in the context and differences in the†¦show more content†¦Emphasising the need for the centralization of power under the emperor, Shang believed that through utilization of law to weaken the people, an ideal ruler would be able to prevent disorder and crime and thus result in a virtuous people. [Change Slide] Furthermore, Shang’s Legalistic principles also detailed the ideal everyday lives of the differing social classes, instructing people to dress in moderation and to be frugal with food to decrease expenditure, with men fulfilling their duties, both in the military and in agriculture. Recognizing the importance of military and agriculture to the state, Shang believed that the six parasites, displayed on the slide above, were detrimental towards the people’s effort in both the military and agriculture, and thus, the stability of the state and the emperor’s power. 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Liverpool free essay sample

Hamlets soliloquies both Influence are Influenced by plot. It Is through the soliloquies that the intrinsic theme of Hamlets procrastination is extended and realised by the audience. If he did not constantly remind us of his Inaction through self-directed harangues, the audience would scarcely notice his procrastination nor realise the extent to which he agonises over his inexplicable delay. The first and second soliloquies function in bringing this to light. The former does this through Hamlets violent criticism of himself- l am pigeon-liverd and lack gall to make ppression bitter-and at the through revealing that doubt of the ghosts validity has weakened his purpose. In the second, Hamlet contemplates how enterprises of great pitch and moment (as his resolution to avenge his father) lose their name of acuon by thinking too much about them. To examine the importance of soliloquies in terms of how they contribute to action, It is first necessary to define the nature of this action. What must be understood is that Hamlet is largely a play about inaction. The plot centres on his persistent Irresolution to fulfil his filial and moral duty. In Hamlets second soliloquy, he begins o, what a rogue and peasant slave am l! He compares his dismal deficiency In passion to an actor, who had tears in his eyes. distraction In his aspect for a work of fiction. More importantly, it is because of his soliloquies that action eludes him. He is cursed with an excessive meditative faculty- by concentrating too much on whether or not he should act, the native hue of resolution is sicklied over with the pale cast of thought. Action characteristically influences further action- it is a never-ending and overlapping sequence of cause nd effect. Hence, we should not consider soliloquies as isolated passages- but should broaden the scope of analysis to Judge how they act as a catalyst for future events. Hamlet makes a profound decision to use a play to determine the validity of the ghost and catch the conscience of the king. This decision leads to a vital turning point, and dictates the plots direction from there on. The third soliloquy follows the second without any section in between where Hamlet interacts with other characters. After indulging in this prolific amount of self-pity and arousing acute melancholy, his bnormally violent reaction to Ophelias rejection Is not so surprising- especially when he just reflected on the pangs of diprizd love. Plot fluctuations hence are highly dependent on Hamlets soliloquies, and therefore play a significant role In the action of the play. Hamlets character is filled out and further clarified through his soliloquies, and hence the Interpretation of our hero very much depends on them. These Intimate revelations permit the audience to examine and discern Hamlets true emotions. On scrutiny by the enure kingdom, It Is necessary to constrain or disguise real feeling In he presence of others. One palpable impression that is portrayed via his to be or not to be soliloquy Is his fixation and yearning for death, and conversely his disgust at the banality of life. Melancholy has completely percolated his character, until existence seems nothing but a mortal coil- something which ropes him down 1 OF3 repugnance earlier during his conversation with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, his already pessimistic attitude has exacerbated since then, so that he teeters near the brink of suicide. A release from the Whips scorns insolence and pangs annexed to Weary life has become something devoutly to be wished. His sensitivity to the injustice in the world marks his idealistic desire for a moral world. Integrity is especially important to him, and he agonises over which is nobler; to endure lifes ills with patience, or to take arms against them in intrepid defiance. This value also links to his struggle to define truth. While some regard Hamlet as enigmatic and profound, others interpret Hamlets soliloquies as little more than another example of extreme introversion. Indeed, his mind lapses into disconsolate philosophizing whenever he is alone, complaining unremittently. We also realise how prone he is to making sweeping statements, using the pronouns We and us, when his observations on human sociology appertain mainly to himself. This links to the next passage, when he remarks to Ophelia that men are arrant knaves, all of us. Furthermore, Hamlet states death is the undiscovered country [from whose bourn no traveller returns. Depending on how one interprets this line, it may reveal that Hamlet is prone to ndulging in grandiose and melodramatic axioms, without consulting memory first. For his father returns, at least in spirit, to the mortal realm- he has witnessed the spectre himself. This tendency to give in to his dramatic side links to his rash conflict with Laertes in the graveyard scene. Soliloquies are Just as important to play action as other sections because they illustrate crucial character features. Hamlets soliloquies are vital in establishing the mood and themes of the play. Without the soliloquies, Hamlet would remain an entertaining revenge drama. But hat enigmatic and sordid quality which suffuses the tragedy would be significantly diminished. The soliloquies, triggered by self-doubt and distress at the corruption of Denmark, explore the dimensions of the human character through Hamlets sordid contemplation. The play becomes a dense examination of how external difficulties (the incestuous marriage between Hamlets mother and uncle, the unweeded garden of the Kingdom, the onus of forced revenge) affect man psychologically. We see the self-directed anger and torment in his second soliloquy- IJ a dull and muddy- ettled rascal, peak/ like a John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause,] and can say nothing- no, not for a king. A heart-wrenching hopelessness is also established. Hamlet knows that he has all the motive in the world to kill Claudius- the man murdered his father, married his mother, and usurped his rightful position on the throne. The spectre of his fathers spirit demanded revenge. And yet, he cannot act, and he doesnt know why. Fie uponit! Foh! he explodes, when he realises that all his ranting on the remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindles villain mean nothing in he end, because it achieves nothing. Even through remarking on his procrastination, he is still procrastinating. The third soliloquy is structured similarly to a scholars argument; but the subject of this contention is weighty- to be, or not to be. To live, or to die. He desires the latter, but, a coward, fearful of What dreams may come after death, he resigns himself to life. This theme of death hangs over the entire play; we see Hamlets ideas develop on it later during the graveyard scene. Soliloquies affect

The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd By Sir Walter Raleigh Essay Example For Students

The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd By Sir Walter Raleigh Essay Within this essay I intend to compare Passionate Shepherd to his Love by Christopher Marlowe which is a ballad and an idyll. With The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd by Sir Walter Raleigh which is also an idyll. I will focus on the parody aspect of the poem by Raleigh. The first poem Passionate Shepherd to his Love is about a man who lives on his own in the beautiful countryside trying to persuade a woman to live with him and be his love. Bribing her with materialistic gifts. A gown made of the finest wool, We will write a custom essay on The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd By Sir Walter Raleigh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Which from our pretty lambs we pull, Fair lined slippers for the cold, With buckles of the purest gold. The second poem The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd is a reply to the lonely man/shepherd. In it, it states the negative side to what he is offering. It also says that if he can offer her the impossible then she will be his love. But could youth last and love still breed, Had no joys no date nor age no need, Then these delights my mind might move, To live with thee and be thy love. The first line of Marlowes poem Come live with me and be my love Is simply stating what he hopes to achieve by writing the poem. It then goes on to say; And we will all the pleasures proove, That valleys, groves, hills and fields, Woods or steepy mountain yields. Then offering extra, the chance for freedom ad a perfect lifestyle, a sort of dreamlike view of what he would be giving. As well as offering this, he adds beautiful scenery. And we will sit upon the rocks, Seeing the shepherd feed their flocks, By shallow rivers, to whose falls Melodious birds sing madrigals. In each line he seems to be hoping for more than he did in the last for company and to be loved. In the third verse And I will make thee a bed of roses, And a thousand fragrant posies, A cap of flowers and a kirtle Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle. He says that he will give her flowers, enticing her to go and live with him. A gown made of the finest wool Which from which our pretty lambs we pull Fair lined slippers for the cold With buckles of the purest gold. In this verse he offers her gold this is the first item he offers which he would have to pay for. He also emphasises on the fact that they would have pretty lambs. In the penultimate verse he offers her his second item of expense. A belt of straw and ivy buds With coral clasps and amber studs. He also goes on to say that if all seems good enough for her then she should live with him. And if these pleasures may thee move, Come live with thee and be thy love. Here in the last line of the penultimate verse it repeats the first line of the poem emphasising what he wants. In the last verse he says that he will get young country boys to dance for her. The shepherd swains shall dance and sing For thy delight each May morning. This I think would be a gesture to her that he would be unable to complete. The last two lines of the last verse are the same of those in the penultimate verse. If these delights thy mind might move Then live with me and be my love. That if the gestures he has made provoke her attention and make her think twice about having a beautiful place to live in then she should live with him. My opinion of this poem is that Marlowe builds up all his ideas on the first line of the first verse because that is what he hops to achieve. .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b , .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b .postImageUrl , .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b , .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b:hover , .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b:visited , .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b:active { border:0!important; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b:active , .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1a0ac58636807d9aebf0c660c2231f1b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Disabled: The story EssayCome live with me and be my love The poem by Sir Walter Raleigh is a parody of Marlowes. Raleigh is writing in a womans persona. If all the world and love were young, And truth in every shepherds tongue, These pretty pleasures might me move, To live with thee and by thy love. This is idealising all life, mimicing the first as all the way through all it says is about beauty and perfectness of each and every single thing in the countryside. It says that if it is as perfect as he suggested then she will live with him and be his love. In the second verse the writer smacks reality by mentioning what happens in the changing seasons in the countryside saying that beauty will cease and die and that what is being said cannot be true. Here again making a parody of the first poem. Time drives flocks from fields to fold, When rivers rage and rocks grow cold And philomel becometh dumb, The rest complains of cares to come. This thought continues into the first two lines of the next verse. The flowers do fade, and wanton fields To wayward winter reckoning yields. These lines then bringing even more emphasis to the negative view of the countryside and imitating what has been said. In the next two lines the writer says although what he has said is sweet her heart will be bitter and will resent him for being so false, one sided and positive minded. A honey tounge a heart of gall, Is fancys spring but sorrows fall. The fourth verse starts by using all the natural offerings. Thy gowns, thy shoes, thy bed of roses, Thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy posies. But then turns to the negative point of view and says that all natural possessions eventually die and become rotten, mocking what Marlowe promises. Soon break, soon wither, soon forgotten, In folly ripe, in reason rotten. The penultimate verse lists all the gifts offered of expense. Thy belt of straw and ivy buds, Thy cord clasps and amber studs. It then goes on to say that whatever is offered she will not go and live with him and be his love. All these in me no means can move, To come to thee and be thy love. In the last verse, the writer questions himself. But could youth last and love still breed, Had joys no date nor age no need. He is wondering if eternal youth would be possible. But then realises that it is impossible. Here imitating Marlowes poem yet again saying that everything he says is impossible. This verse states that if she could be given the impossible eternal youth then she might consider going to live with the shepherd and being his love but as he cant offer her this she wont. Here he is mocking Marlowes poem bringing the hopes of his poem to an end. In my opinion this poem brings out the negative point of view of what has been said in a positive romantic way in the first poem. In Marlowes poem the images I have are rural life with peace and tranquillity and beautiful things And we will sit upon the rocks, Seeing the shepherd feed their flocks By shallow rivers, to whose falls, Melodious birds sing madrigals. In Raleighs poem you can see a much different picture. It is of a dark place with fading countryside and dreary weather. Time drives the flocks to field from fold, When rivers rage and rocks grow cold, And philomel becometh dumb, The rest complains of cares to come. In Marlowes poem he uses metaphors And I will make thee a bed of roses, And a thousand fragrant posies. This makes the poem seem unrealistic although it has an air of romanticism. He also uses enjambment between lines. Raleigh uses alliteration in his poem. .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 , .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 .postImageUrl , .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 , .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98:hover , .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98:visited , .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98:active { border:0!important; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98:active , .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98 .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u405457d27412ede87ab3ef1a0e1cdb98:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Poetr of Wilfred Owen (Speech) EssayTime drives the flocks from field to fold, When rivers rage rocks grow cold. The R sound evokes a sense of coldness of the water, like the coldness of a nymphs heart. In the first poem four of the five senses are used to evoke the readers reactions. Thousand fragrant posies. This would make the reader feel happy, by making them think of the scent that would surround them. The next is sound Melodious birds sing madrigals. By doing this Marlowe hopes to win over the attention of the nymph. It also helps to make the readers feel as if they are there. A gown made of the finest wool. This sense of touch helps the readers feel what it would be like. For the last sense, Marlowe uses sight; And we will sit upon the rocks. Making the reader think that of beautiful scenery and trying to win them over. In Raleighs poem he also uses senses to provoke the reader. He uses The philomel becometh dumb. Thy belt of straw and ivy buds. The flowers do fade, and wanton fields. He uses all these to get the attention of the reader although in both poems they are used in a different context. In Raleighs poem it just helps him put across the negative side and emphasises on the fact that his poem is a parody of Marlowes. I think that Marlowe decided to write his poem in this way because it is about love and love is quite simple once it has been found. The poems rhyme consists of aabb rhyming couplets in both poems for example in Marlowes poem, Love, prove. Fields, yields. And in Raleighs poem, Buds, studs. Forgotten, rotten. When read aloud the rhythmic tone of Marlowes poem is gentle, calm and loving. While the rhythmic tone of Raleighs poem is jagged, rough and flowing. I think Marlowe has chosen a calm, gentle and loving poem because he is trying to persuade a woman to love him. Raleigh chose his poem to be jagged and because he is mimicking Marlowes poem in structure and form although he is quite brutal in his choice of words. The choice of Marlowes words in his own poem makes it sound romantic and full of love. Come live with me, and be thy love. This sounds as though he just wants to be loved. And we will all the pleasures prove. He is just restating that all he wants is for the girl to love him. Marlowe uses specific words to place pictures in the readers mind, Bed of roses. He says this as roses are a symbol of love and thats what he hopes to achieve. For thy delight. He will do anything to make her happy. Marlowe groups the words to effect the poem in that it is made to sound more romantic. Raleighs words group together to create a large mocking effect on Marlowes poem. Conclusion In my opinion Marlowe is trying to show the reader that he is trying hard to win a womans love. I think the way he offers his gifts could be quite persuasive because if someone had always dreamt of being showered with gifts and living in perfect surroundings, then they may decide to go and live with him. Raleigh is highlighting his opinion of the countryside and love. It is mainly negative. A honey tongue, a heart of gall, Is fancys spring, but  sorrows fall. He is communicating to the reader that he is mimicking Marlowe by doing this. I thin k that when Marlowe wrote the poem he was lonely and wanted somebody to love him, and so these feelings were put into the poem. While on the other hand Raleigh, I feel was unable to trust anybody to love him and/or find anybody to love and so he mocks Marlowe for wanting love.